The Law Review

Inviting Legal Scholars, Students, and Professionals to Share Their Research and Perspectives The legal world is constantly evolving, shaped by emerging technologies, social changes, constitutional developments, and global challenges. To encourage meaningful legal discourse and academic contribution, The Law Review is pleased to announce the Call for Papers for Volume 1, Issue 2 . This issue aims to provide a platform for law students, researchers, academics, and legal professionals to present their ideas, research, and perspectives on contemporary legal issues. About The Law Review The Law Review is an emerging platform dedicated to promoting legal scholarship, research, and critical discussions. It seeks to bridge the gap between academic research and practical legal developments by encouraging writers to explore important legal questions and propose innovative solutions. Through each publication, The Law Review aims to create opportunities for aspiring legal writers to showcase the...

Muhammad Hasnain Sajid , B.A.L.L.B Gillani Law School , BZU,Multan Introduction: Muhammad Arif and Farman Ali ended their eleven-year and four-month sentence on 1 July 2026 after getting their second freedom on 2014 (Alam, 2026). Both live in Kalam Kalan village of Bhakkar district in Punjab. The type of crime they commit is called by a name in Pakistani law that has no clean legal definition: cannibalism, eating human flesh. It started in 2011 when a villager went to visit a relative's grave and discovered that it had been broken open and some of the body parts, one leg, had been removed cleanly. The investigators were able to trace the desecration to the Ali brothers, who dug and consumed remains from over 150 graves in the years leading up to then (Hellmann, 2014). The facts were never really in issue, but only what law was applicable. Prosecutors had charged the brothers with grave desecration under sections 201, 295(A) and 297 of the Pakistan Penal Code 1860 and un...

Farhat Nusrat , B.A.L.L.B Green International University of Lahore 1. Introduction The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated algorithms has greatly changed the global social and legal environment. Many modern constitutional systems, like Pakistan’s, were created in an earlier, non-digital era to protect individuals from physical intrusions by the government. However, the contemporary digital age presents unprecedented challenges that the framers of the Constitution could not have anticipated. Today, state-sponsored data tracking, predictive policing tools, and advanced facial recognition systems operate seamlessly across public and private spheres. This technological shift creates a profound friction between state authority and the foundational human rights guaranteed to citizens. While traditional legal doctrines shield citizens from physical trespass, they remain largely defenceless against invisible, algorithmic surveillance. Consequently, a widening ...

Aiman Zahra , B.A.L.L.B Gilani Law School, BZU, Multan Introduction If an AI system fabricates a legal authority, who will bear the legal liability? The AI developer, the lawyer, the judge or all of them? The issue was first clearly addressed in Mata v. Avianca case which established the principle that while AI may generate fabricated citations, the legal responsibility remains firmly with the individual using it (Mata v. Avianca, Inc., 2023).  AI hallucination is a phenomenon where, in a large language model (LLM) often a  generative AI   chatbot   or  computer vision  tool, perceives patterns or objects that are nonexistent or imperceptible to human observers, creating outputs that are nonsensical or altogether inaccurate. (IBM 2023). AI hallucinations can’t be eliminated through ordinary diligence, as they stem from the predictive language model, which generates text based on statistical associations instead of verifying legal and factual accura...

Tilahun Silesh , B.A.L.L.B Wodia University , Ethiopia   1. Introduction  In today's fast changing global digital landscape, safeguarding personal data has evolved from a specialized regulatory concern into a crucial human rights issue. For many years, Ethiopia's approach to information privacy was stuck in the past, relying on traditional, analog ideas of territorial security and physical safety. But with the recent surge in digital transformation efforts and the widespread use of mobile technology, it's become clear that this old legal framework just doesn't cut it anymore. The current digital environment calls for strong protections against ongoing threats like corporate data mining, digital vulnerabilities, and government surveillance. In light of these urgent challenges, the introduction of the Personal Data Protection Proclamation No. 1321/2024 represents a significant legislative step forward, aimed at updating the country's legal system. This article t...

Shylet Nyamupinga , B.A.L.L.B MVN University. Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the way societies function, influencing sectors as diverse as healthcare, finance, transportation, education, law enforcement, and public administration. Systems capable of learning from data, making autonomous decisions, and adapting their behavior have shifted AI from being a futuristic concept to an indispensable part of modern governance and commerce. While these technological advancements have created unprecedented opportunities for innovation and economic growth, they have also exposed significant gaps within existing legal frameworks. One of the most pressing concerns is determining who should bear legal responsibility when an AI system causes harm. Unlike traditional technologies that operate under direct human control, many AI systems function with varying degrees of autonomy. Their ability to learn from new information means that harmful outcomes may not alw...